Discussing The Tourism Industry In Bangladesh Tourism Essays

Discussing The Tourism Industry In Bangladesh Tourism Essays Discussing The Tourism Industry In Bangladesh Tourism Essay Discussing The Tourism Industry In Bangladesh Tourism Essay The touristry industry is a major subscriber to the gross province merchandise of many states ( Reige and Perry, 2000 ) and in the last 50 old ages, touristry has developed into one of the universe s most powerful, yet provocative, socio-economic forces ( Sharpley and Telfer 2008 ) . Travel A ; Tourism industry has become one of the universe s most of import and fastest turning economic sectors, bring forthing quality occupations and significant wealth for economic systems around the Earth ( WTTC, 2007 ) . The recent planetary recession has non caused the touristry industry to crunch to a complete arrest, and the World Tourism Barometer indicated that the recession merely caused a 4 % diminution in planetary touristry from 2008-2010 ( UNWTO, 2011b ) and now it is expected to turn once more. WTTC President and CEO, David Scowsill ( 2011 ) says Over the following 10 old ages, its entire part to GDP will lift by 4.2 % per annum to US $ 9.2 trillion, conveying w ith it 65 million new occupations, but for that growing to be accomplishable and sustainable, authoritiess must work together with the industry towards smarter policies and statute law that will assist Travel A ; Tourism to boom. In Third universe states, authoritiess encourage touristry investing because of the premise that it will lend to economic development of their states ( Hall, 1995 ) . Third universe states and developing states ever seeks the possible benefits of touristry such as increased income, foreign exchange, employments and economic variegation ( Sharpley and Telfer, 2008 ) . Harmonizing to Ferguson ( 2007 ) The touristry industry straight provides around 3 per cent of planetary employment, or 192 million occupations the equivalent to one in every 12 occupations in the formal sector . As with other industrial sectors and Fieldss of academic survey, touristry has besides developed over the decennaries and has been influenced by a battalion of internal and extern al factors. It is non surprising that many facets of touristry are wholly different than they used to be before because of the huge rate of technological alteration along with societal, economic and environmental alterations. Bangladesh is one of the universe s most dumbly populated states, with its people packed into a delta of rivers that empties into the Bay of Bengal [ BBC ] ( 2011 ) . It s implementing its development programs for a long clip. They are non merely seeking to procure their economic growing but besides seeking to better their societal life criterions. In Bangladesh, touristry was about non-existent at the state s independency from Pakistan in 1971. More late touristry has seen as a agency of the lending to their attainment. Tourism contributes 4.8 % to Bangladesh s Gross Domestic Products ( GDP ) and employs over 1509100 which contribute 1.9 % of direct employments ( WTTC, 2011 ) . Harmonizing to Bhatia ( 1986 in Jenkins and Tosun, 1998 ) , many states in the 3rd universe do non cognize the importance of touristry and the impacts that it can hold, and Bangladesh is one of those states. Basically Jenkins and Tosun ( 1998 ) argue that, touristry development took topographic point in most of the topographic points of this universe as an unplanned activity ( p 102 ) . Like sustainable development sounds attractive ( Butler, 1992: 64 ) , the phrase of sustainable touristry accepted instantly by this state even the significance of this term is non understood to the full. Though sustainable touristry is the in thing across the universe, Bangladesh, in malice of being endowed with nature s premiums and beauty, still struggles with the construct ( Mahmud, 2010 ) . Several finishs in Bangladesh such as Chittagong hill piece of lands, the Sundarbans, Saint Martin coral island, Nijhum Island, Srimanagol Lawachera rain wood, Tangua Hoar and Cox s Bazar, which could be used as sustainable tourer musca volitanss ( Mahmud, 2010 ) . Cox s Bazar is the tourist capital of Bangladesh. By popular pick, Cox s Bazar has late been ranked as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World ( Zamir, 2009 ) , located handily on the east-west air-corridor doing it a gateway to the Far East. It is endowed with resources and the potency for a touristry industry. In the southern border of the state has a 125 kilometer ( 77.6 stat mis ) long beach of soft silvery sand, the universe s longest ( Qadir, 2003 ) and a concatenation of hills that run parallel to the sea for about the full length, looming drops, colourful, ancient pagodas and Hindu temples ( Anonymous, 2007 ) , in a Riviera-like scene with semilunar low hills overlooking the Bay of Bengal, and most visited tourer finishs in Bangladesh. The scope of the hills covered in epicurean green Grovess is cherished locations for tourers. Cox s Bazar is located at the caput of this terrain. Cox s Bazar is besides known as Panowa , literature significance xanthous flower. Palonkee was its other name. The girl of the sea Bangladesh is a beautiful surprise for the tourer. Since the touristry is reported as a comparatively easy manner to gain foreign exchange, many states are eager to come in international markets every bit fast as they can ( Jafari, 1974 ) and Bangladesh is one of them. Harmonizing to Jafari ( 1974 ) , tourers and intelligence media of a developed states come to be a sort of promotional agents for a underdeveloped state or for a under developing state. Though Hasan in his book development touristry in Bangladesh blames the international intelligence media for stand foring a incorrect visual aspect of the state and intelligence media carefully avoid stating the universe of the brighter side of Bangladesh than the unsmooth side of it ( Khairuzzaman, 2008 ) still there are some positive attacks from the international media. Alone planet is one of them. The universe leader in printing travel ushers and guidebooks Lonely planet recommended Bangladesh as one of the to p 10 interesting travel finish in 2009 ( Thomsen, 2009 ) . This UK based publication Bradt Travel usher is known as a innovator in undertaking unusual finishs, for defending the causes of sustainable travel and for the high quality of composing ( Thomsen, 2009 ) . The first usher on Bangladesh published in 2009 and the back screen text provinces: Bangladesh has a repute for being hapless and beset by deluging, but this republic of rivers wagess those willing to look beyond the headlines. Leave luxuries behind and ship on the richest of travel experiences among some of the sub-continent s friendliest people ( Thomsen, 2009 ) . This sort of positive focal point on Bangladesh is non possible to purchase for money. Lack of consistent scheme on cooperation, appropriate cognition and sustainability ; are the great barrier to a positive development of Bangladesh touristry sector. Environmental resources are an of import plus non merely in Cox s Bazar but to other touristry finishs in all other 3rd universe states. The touristry in Bangladesh is particularly popular due to its coastal countries of Cox s Bazar. If environmental resources are of import economic assets in Bangladesh, the immediate action that demand is that of sustainable use of resources to profit for present and future coevalss ( Mbaiwa, 2005 ) . It is good established that the presence of touristry in finish ever brings with it environmental, socio-culture and economic benefit and this is why it is an effectual development tool in any under developing states and in the instance of Bangladesh, A sustainable touristry scheme will hold a major positive impact ( Thomsen, 2009 ) . When transporting out a wide research on any substance, it is indispensable to go acquainted with contextual of that subject, by utilizing relevant literatures. For this thesis, it is most important to obtain information in a figure of different beginnings. Academic books, diaries, newspapers, where available, will be used in the assemblage of information for this thesis. Here in this undertaking, I will sketch the history of sustainable touristry development foremost which will supply the context of how it is developing and will reply either it exists in the Bangladesh, peculiarly in Cox s bazaar. In order to derive this cognition I will look at different publications related to research issue will be collected from academic books, day-to-day newspaper, undertakings, related archives and enormously up to day of the month diaries. For this intent it will be highly utile to look at relevant cyberspace web sites such as the web sites of different ministry of Bangladesh and touristry in dustry based web sites. Internet web sites will be an of import beginning to make full in the spread by supplying utile information where books and periodicals are non so univocal. 2.0: Literature reappraisal All touristry includes some travel but non all travel is touristry ( Page, 2007 ) . Tourism used to be recognised as an activity undertaken by those who travelled off from place for vacations, to see relations or to transport out professional concern, in the yesteryear. Tourism is a composite of activities, services and industries that deliver a travel experience: transit, adjustments, feeding and imbibing constitutions, stores amusement, activity installations and other cordial reception services available for persons and groups that are going off from place ( Goeldner and Ritchie, 2009 ) . Therefore it encompasses a broad assortment of intents. The officially accepted definition by UNWTO ( 1993 ) is: Tourism comprises the activities of individual going to and remaining topographic points outside their usual environment for non more than one back-to-back twelvemonth for leisure, concerns and other intents . This definition challenges the normally held perceptual experience that to uristry is strictly concerned with diversion and holding merriment ( Holden, 2008 ) . But harmonizing to Gunn ( 1994 ) the best working definition of touristry is that of by Mathieson and Wall ( 1982 in Gunn, 1994 ) : Tourism is the impermanent motion of people to finishs outsides their normal topographic points of work and abode, the activities undertaken during their stay in those finishs, and the installations created to provide to their demands . At the present clip, touristry is even more far making with wider deductions. Specialists have celebrated between mass touristry , which involves those characteristics merely mentioned, and alternative touristry , which can include cultural, educational, societal, environmental, agricultural and political touristry ( Wearing and Neil, 2009 ) . Tourism promotes better transverse civilization apprehension. For any 3rd universe and developing states, touristry is seen as an of import tool of their regional development, civilization, en vironmental and in most instances ; the touristry portfolio is attached to Economy. This provides us with an initial penetration into the impact of touristry within all states it has. In add-on to societal, political and economic concerns, touristry has become a immensely of import and planetary characteristic of environmental statement. Tourism development which systematically ignores environmental concerns is improbable to stay feasible in the longer term ( Pigram, 1990 ) . High volume of touristry can do environmental including H2O, air and noise pollution which are highly destructive to a location s sustainable wellbeing. It is as a significance of the turning consciousness of the harmful consequence that touristry has on the environment, every bit good as a general heightened apprehension of how planetary heating is impacting our planet, that touristry has been given an environmental focal point. Indeed, sustainable touristry is now a widely known mercantile establishment of touristry, with the province of the environment being given more and more consideration. The term Sustainable Tourism has been introduced in the context of wider argument about environme ntal sustainability and logically implies a signifier and degree of touristry which maintains a entire stock of natural resources ( Sinclair, 1998 ) . The turning consciousness of environmental harm in this modern technological universe is the ground to turn to this term. Getz ( 1986 ) says that when touristry planning was foremost developed in the 1960s, the subject s chief focal point came, about wholly from the position of maximising economic growing ( p. 21 ) . Over the decennaries, the focal point has shifted and is now, more sensitive to non-economic issues ( p. 32 ) . Murphy ( 1985 ) argues that it is the duty of the touristry industry to, develop and protect its attractive forces, whether they are natural or semisynthetic, and go a cordial reception industry to do visitant experiences every bit gratifying as possible ( p. 10 ) . Though it is argued that excessively much accent is placed on comparatively short term economic impacts at the cost of sing the long term soci etal and environmental impacts of touristry, thereby encourages in a better consciousness of the jobs that the industry creates ( Holloway et al. , 2009 ) . The importance of sustainable development is to transport turning successes into the hereafter in such a manner that future coevalss are non troubled ( Pearce et al. , 1990 ) . Sustainability, sustainable touristry and sustainable development are all well-established footings ( Liu, 2003 ) . There are two constituents in the definition of sustainable development. The significance of development and the status necessary for sustainability are those two constituents ( Miltin, 1992 ) . Croall ( 1995 ) compares sustainability to the nexus between development and preservation , which should non conflict to each other. Harmonizing to Bartelmus ( 1986 in Tosun, 2001 ) , development implies a procedure that makes an attempt to better the life conditions of people . To run into human demands and wants is the chief aim of development ( WCED, 1987 ) which involves wider apprehensivenesss with the quality of life ( Pearce et al. , 1990 ) . When applied to touristry, as Godfrey ( 1996 in Gunn, 1994 ) ) points out the construct of sustainable development relates to a signifier of environmentally friendly touristry. Aside, Rees ( Gunn, 1994 p.85 ) define sustainable touristry development as a positive socio-economic alteration that does non sabotage the cultural, ecological and societal systems upon which local communities and societies are depended . The construct of sustainability foremost appeared on the public sense in the study by the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987. The lineation of sustainable development is that the economic growing and the environmental preservation are non merely friendly but they are spouses and one can non last without than other. The Brundtland Commission Report defines sustainable development as development that meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands ( WCED, 1987 ) . The Commission highlighted that sustainable development is non a fixed national understanding, but an active procedure of alterations which are all in harmoniousness and heighten both current and future potency to run into human demands and aspirations ( WCED, 1987: 46 ) . A general failing in the construct of the sustainable touristry development is that its rules and aims have tended to attest themselves in sets of guidelines that base d on pull offing the bounds of acceptable environmental and societal alteration, which is unable to account for the about infinite diverseness of touristry development contexts ( Sharpley and Telfer, 2008 ) . In a research Liu ( 2003 ) found that sustainability is praised by Bramwell and Lane ( 1993 in Liu, 2003 ) and harmonizing to them it is a positive attack intended to cut down the tensenesss and clash created by the complex interactions between the touristry industry, tourers, environment and the host communities to keep the long term capacity and quality of both natural and human resources . Miles of aureate littorals, looming drops, surfing moving ridges, rare conch shells, colorful Pagodas, Buddhist Temples and delicious sea-food all this makes what Cox s Bazar is today, the tourer capital of Bangladesh ( NTO ) . Cox s Bazar is one of the most attractive tourer musca volitanss, non merely in the Bangladesh but besides in the universe. The warm, shark free Waterss are good for bathing and swimming A ; while the flaxen beaches offer chances for sun-bathing ( NTO ) . The tourist capital of Bangladesh includes conch shell market, tribal handcraft, and salt and shrimp cultivation. Harmonizing to a nose count of aquatic birds, a sum of 15933 birds of 52 species have been spotted in Cox s Bazar ( The Daily Star, 2009 ) can be seen as other attractive force. Aggmeda Khyang, a Buddhist monastery at the hills, Himchari field day topographic point, merely about 8 kilometers from Cox s Bazar, Innani Beach 32 km off from the metropolis, is one of the most dramatic sea beache s in Bangladesh which is really near to the universe s longest sandy beach in Cox s Bazaar and it is situated within the Inani protected forest ; Sonadia island with really small human trial, Teknaf peninsula, some 80 kilometers from town and picturesque St. Martin Island to the South at 13 kilometers distance from mainland are the around attractive force of Cox s Bazar ( Ahammed, 2010 ) . All these topographic points are located around Cox s Bazar and easy accessible by route and H2O sides what makes this topographic point hub of touristry. As an international finish, Bangladesh has a assorted image. Tourists from abroad perceive a negative consciousness of Bangladesh from intelligence media. Peoples from outside perceive as topographic point where the population is populating in poorness, corruptness and in natural catastrophes. Though the new seven natural admirations search 2009 have made the state attractive for touristry and is besides charted as one of the top 10 interesting finishs by new travel books ( Quader, 2010 ) . Bangladesh is still one of the states in South Asia with the fewest reachings and the lowest gross earned from the touristry industry. WTTC ( 2011 ) predicts that the part from travel and touristry will increase 6.3 % per annum boulder clay 2021. Harmonizing to Bari ( FE, 2010 ) , At present, around 0.50 million international tourers visit Bangladesh each twelvemonth, It employs one million people . Most of the tourers visited the state for concern intent, and their stay in the state was brief as they had non been offered to research the hills, seas and woods of the state brimming with natural beauty ( Mahmud, 2010 ) . The lone cause for this is the deficiency of consciousness and proper agreements. Though the economic part of touristry and the portion of Cox s Bazar to the national economic system are non studied with dependable statistics ( Ahammed, 2010 ) still the touristry industry leaders said in Financial Express ( FE, 2010 ) that Bangladesh can gain US $ 2.0 billion in one-year gross from the touristry sector if it can pull two million international tourers. Harmonizing to the general director of Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation, gross gaining from the touristry sector is sing a downward tendency and the gross from touristry sector was about ?51 million in 2008, which came down to ?47 million in 2009. Till June 2010, the gross was ?26 million ( FE, 2010 ) . Tourism in Bangladesh is managed by Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation under the Ministry of Civil Aviation and touristry. There is no uncertainty that touristry is an effectual development tool, helps economic system to bring forth gross, state gets benefited every bit good as the private sector and local community, Consciousness on saving of nature and protection of environment tends to increase. Though Cox s Bazar is easy accessible by route, still there is no rail links in this metropolis. The authorities disbursement immense sum of money to acquire Cox s Bazar rail linked within 2 old ages. Government s substructure development planning includes the work on the upgraded pigboat overseas telegram connexion of Cox s Bazar Landing Station to increase the bandwidth ( Unb, 2011 ) . Development of major substructure to function resorts should be coordinated to run into the demands of the industry with boarder economic and societal demands ( Brohman, 1996 ) . The presence of touristry in any finish ever brings environmental, socio- civilization and economic impacts. Less developed finishs like Cox s Bazar are more susceptible. Development of touristry in Cox s bazaar brings external money flow which drives the populating criterion of the locals to higher degree. Development of touristry in Cox s Bazar on a long-run footing is to give due importance to the above impacts for its sustainability. It needs a long term planning, uninterrupted development work, avoid the negative impacts and investing timing have to be predetermined ( Quader, 2010 ) . The current growing in tourer Numberss to Cox s bazaar has led to the acknowledgment that consideration demands to be given to a sustainable touristry development scheme if the site is to be maintained for future coevalss. 3.0 Purposes and aims In set abouting this probe, this thesis has figure of purposes and aims. As sustainable touristry is a really good established term in modern touristry industry due to a heightened environmental consciousness, it is of import to understand how it functions and whom it targets. The end of environmentally sustainability is a maximal degree of coveted result such as economic net income, quality of life what will keep in a steady manner, capable to restraints imposed by environment. Footing on this construct it can be said that environmentally sustainable touristry implies a cardinal importance on keeping a certain degree of environmental quality. This is foregrounding that, a sustainable environment and a feasible touristry industry are indispensable elements to do an environmentally sustainable touristry ( Johnston A ; Tyrrell, 2007 ) . In order to make understand the term and the map of environmentally sustainable touristry, it will foremost be necessary to sketch the rudimentss of t he touristry industry in less developed state like Bangladesh and how it has changed over the old ages. By making this it will be possible to better understand how the sustainable touristry industry fits into Cox s Bazar. 3.1: Purposes The nucleus purpose of the societal and economic positions of touristry is to animate more international and domestic tourers to advance the growing of tourer value which focus on making employment, accomplishing gross, developing local battle ( Gilmore et al. , 2007 ) and enable some members of the population to travel from the informal sector to higher paid occupations in the formal sector ( Sinclair, 1998 ) . The environmental purpose is frequently conflict between the economic and societal perceptual experiences which is to protect and to conserve both civilization and the environment ( Gilmore et al. , 2007 ) . The host population is itself a portion of the touristry merchandise. The rapid growing of touristry in any less developed states and finishs raises inquiries of sustainable touristry development, peculiarly the entree and economic benefits to local economic systems. For this thesis, it is most of import to cognize the assorted aspects of the relationship between host pop ulation and touristry industry of Cox s Bazar of Bangladesh. The locals are topics to be viewed and interacted with, or scenes for tourer activities, and their attitudes and behaviour constitute the hospitality resource of a finish ( Smith, 1994 ) . Harmonizing to the World Tourism Organization ( UNWTO ) ( 1993 ) , touristry is sustainable when it improves the quality of life of the host community ; provides a high quality of experience for the visitant ; and maintains the quality of the environment on which both the host community and the visitant depend . Cox s Bazar have limited chances and resources for agribusiness or industrial development and are turning to tourism to make the major beginning of economic system though a immense portion of population are still involved in fishing, roll uping sea nutrients and sea merchandises for their support. Traditionally, it is a conservative society and socio-culture, economic system and the quality of life is still below than nation al norm ( Ahammed, 2010 ) . The purpose of this undertaking is to critically measure whether Cox s Bazar in Bangladesh can be developed in a sustainable manner. 3.2: Aims Finally, holding completed a thorough probe and after rating of the information collected will take up to the current prevalence of the sustainable touristry in Cox s Bazar, it will so be possible to conceive of how the industry may develop in future. Aims are i? To measure and specify sustainable touristry development in term of environment, economic and civilization. i? To look into and happen the specific demand for sustainable touristry development in Cox s Bazar. i? Critically discuss whether the people of touristry industry in Bangladesh truly know the significance of sustainable development? i? To exemplify utile decisions and do effectual recommendations on sustainable touristry development for Cox s Bazar that can be implemented by the touristry authorization of Bangladesh. 4.0: Methodology and Method The undermentioned subdivision of this thesis shall sketch the methodological analysis and the method that shall be employed for the primary research subdivision of this thesis. 4.1: Methodology In touristry research there is an ongoing demand for statistical penetrations but qualitative research offers a great trade of understanding at societal life from in a different manner ( Phillimore and Goodson, 2004 ) . Phillimore and Goodson ( 2004 ) argue that touristry research workers are non bound to follow a simple set of methods, and are hence free to unite a broad scope of attacks with a more sophisticated attitude to utilize qualitative research. This undertaking used both primary and secondary informations resources. In footings of primary informations beginnings, this thesis relied on the research work that I have carried out on sustainable touristry development in Cox s Bazar. Priority was given to the semi structured interviews I took in April 2011 which resulted in to develop decisions and recommendations based on the findings that could be implemented in Cox s Bazar. In order to give concrete burden to the primary research conducted this research will besides incorporate some secondary research. Roll uping informations from people who are involved with the touristry industry in Bangladesh will give considerable thoughts that will hold been formed by looking at secondary literature. It will besides supply the thesis with a personal penetration which can non be gained from carry oning qualitative research entirely. 4.1.1: Primary Research From the beginning, I decided that my research objectives more easy impart themselves to more qualitative signifiers of analysis. This survey is basically trying to find how a figure of complex constructs impact and relate to one another. It requires the capable country to be looked at from a figure of different positions and for links between these separate positions to be determined. Britten et Al ( 1995 ) suggest that using qualitative methodological analysis allows for the research worker to, Address research inquiries of immediate relevancy which are otherwise hard to look into ( p. 105 ) . Flick et Al ( 2004 ) travel on to indicate out that the usage of qualitative methodological analysis can aide in, the apprehension of complex relationships instead than account by isolation of a individual relationship, such as cause and effect ( p. 8 ) . Sofaer ( 1999 ) further argues that this can ensue in, rich descriptions of phenomenaaˆÂ ¦it non merely serves the desire to de pict ; it besides helps travel the question towards more meaningful accounts ( p. 1102 ) . It is for these grounds that this survey will near the research objectives from a qualitative, instead than giving practical weight to quantitative, attack. 4.1.2: Secondary Research Secondary analysis has a well-established lineage. This will supply the utile information in order to understand the background of the topic. Hakim ( 1982 ) province that, secondary information analysis is any farther analysis of an bing dataset which presents readings, decisions or knowledge extra to, or different from, those produced in the first study on the enquiry as a whole and its chief consequences ( p 1 ) . Secondary informations can encompass a whole scope of experimental signifiers ; it can include the informations generated through systematic reappraisals, through documental analysis every bit good as the consequences from authorities sponsored studies ( Smith, 2008 ) . Secondary literature provides a considerable beginning for appreciative which is necessary when doing determinations sing any subject and puting progress theories to develop state of affairss. 4.2: Method The first method that was considered was focus groups. MacNaghten and Myers ( 2004 ) suggest that this method is most utile for research workers who possibly, are non wholly certain what categories, links and positions are relevant ( p. 65 ) . However, this method can give informations that can be hard to understand and construe. For an inexperient research worker this could show a job and could take to informations that is possibly non every bit rich as it could be. I eventually chose semi-structured interviews as my primary research method. Kvale ( 1983 ) states that the usage of this method presents the research worker with the chance to, garner the life-world of the interviewee with regard to reading of the significance of the described phenomena ( p. 174 ) . It is this existent universe experience that will give my informations existent deepness and will hopefully assist me to understand some of the complex jobs faced by my respondents. Another advantage of this method is outlined by Blee and Taylor ( 1995 ) who argue that semi-structured interviews topographic points human bureau, at the Centre of the motion analysis. Qualitative interviews are a window into the mundane universe of militants, and they generate representations that embody the topics voices, minimising, at least every bit much as possible, the voice of the research worker ( p. 96 ) . I had hoped to be able to carry on this research in Cox s Bazar. However, it became clear to me early in my research that this was non likely to be popular. Alternatively, I chose to concentrate my research on travel bureaus in the UK who offer vacations to Cox s Bazar and other parts of Bangladesh. I chose to pull my sample group from bureaus located in Bangladeshi communities. Tower Hamlets, Manchester and Oldham have arguably the highest concentration of Bangladeshi s in the state, so I chose to aim travel agents here. As people working in the industry are replying my questionnaires, I assured them that they will stay anon. to do them experience more confident to give honest reply. I phoned round several bureaus and managed to procure interviews with 5 travel agents. A few yearss before the interviews, these respondents were sent an lineation of my survey so that they could possibly get down to fix their responses. This would hopefully give richer information for me to utilize. These interviews were largely conducted face to face, although two was conducted over the phone and Skype. I recorded the interviews and took extended notes during them. I was witting of the fact that, in semi-structured interviewing, analysis and reading are ongoing procedures ( Blee and Taylor, 2002: 110 ) . Unlike in quantitative informations aggregation where one waits until all the information is collected before get downing the analysis procedure, with qualitative informations aggregation, the analysis is an ongoing procedure. In the analysis of the information, I